Practice English vocabulary for embedded power management: sleep modes, peripheral power-down, wake-on-interrupt, power budgets, and MPPT.
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What happens when 'the microcontroller enters sleep mode to save power'?
Sleep modes (light sleep, deep sleep, stop mode) reduce MCU power consumption dramatically by halting the CPU and disabling peripherals. The MCU resumes on a wake event such as an interrupt or timer expiry.
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What does 'the peripheral is powered down when idle' mean?
Firmware can power down unused peripherals (e.g., disabling a GPS module between fixes) to avoid their quiescent current consumption, which can be significant in battery-powered applications.
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What does 'the system wakes on interrupt' mean?
Wake-on-interrupt means the MCU stays in low-power sleep and resumes execution only when a configured interrupt source is triggered, allowing very low average power while remaining responsive to events.
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What is a 'power budget for the device'?
A power budget totals the energy consumption of all components (MCU, radio, sensors, display) across their active and sleep duty cycles to verify the device meets its battery life target.
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What is 'MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking)' in solar-powered embedded devices?
MPPT algorithms (used in solar charge controllers) dynamically adjust the operating point of the solar panel to maximize energy harvest. As light conditions change, the optimal voltage/current point shifts and MPPT tracks it.