'Quantum advantage' means that a quantum computer:
Quantum advantage is problem-specific: a quantum computer demonstrates advantage when it solves a particular problem class more efficiently than the best known classical approach.
2 / 5
'Quantum supremacy' (or 'quantum computational supremacy') was first demonstrated by:
Google claimed quantum supremacy in 2019 with Sycamore performing random circuit sampling — though IBM disputed the classical comparison time.
3 / 5
A 'NISQ' device (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) refers to:
NISQ describes today's quantum hardware era: devices with tens to hundreds of qubits that are too noisy for full error correction but useful for near-term experiments.
4 / 5
Fault-tolerant quantum computing requires:
Fault-tolerant quantum computing uses quantum error correction, encoding one logical qubit across many physical qubits to detect and correct errors during computation.
5 / 5
Which quantum algorithm provides an exponential speedup for factoring large integers?
Shor's algorithm factors large integers exponentially faster than the best known classical algorithm — a key threat to RSA encryption on fault-tolerant quantum hardware.