Learn English vocabulary for quantum hardware: qubit types, decoherence, fidelity, gate error rates, and T1/T2 times.
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A 'superconducting qubit' is a qubit that:
Superconducting qubits are tiny electrical circuits (typically Josephson junctions) cooled to millikelvin temperatures, allowing quantum behavior. IBM and Google use this approach.
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'T1 time' (relaxation time) in quantum hardware refers to:
T1 is the energy relaxation time — how long a qubit can hold the excited (|1⟩) state before losing energy to the environment and decaying to |0⟩. Longer T1 means more stable qubits.
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What does 'gate fidelity' measure in quantum computing?
Gate fidelity is a measure of accuracy: a fidelity of 99.9% means the gate output matches the ideal result 99.9% of the time. Higher fidelity means fewer errors per operation.
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In a 'trapped-ion' quantum computer, qubits are stored in:
Trapped-ion computers (IonQ, Honeywell/Quantinuum) use individual ions levitated by electromagnetic fields. Laser pulses manipulate the ions' internal energy levels to perform qubit operations.
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'T2 time' (dephasing time) describes:
T2 measures phase coherence lifetime. Even without energy loss (T1 decay), random phase kicks from the environment destroy the superposition. T2 ≤ 2×T1 by definition, and is often the limiting factor.