Turso is a distributed SQLite platform built on libSQL, an open-source SQLite fork. Its Hrana WebSocket protocol enables efficient remote access, while embedded replicas bring data close to the application for sub-millisecond local reads with global sync.
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What is libSQL in the context of the Turso database platform?
libSQL is an open-source fork of SQLite that adds features like replication, remote HTTP access, embedded replicas, and WASM support. Turso uses libSQL as its database engine, maintaining full SQLite compatibility while adding cloud-native capabilities.
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A developer uses Turso's embedded replica feature in their application. What does this enable?
Embedded replicas in Turso keep a local SQLite file on the application server that automatically syncs changes from the remote Turso database. This gives sub-millisecond read latency locally while writes propagate to the primary and replicate globally.
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Which protocol does the Turso client use to communicate with remote libSQL databases?
Turso uses the Hrana protocol over WebSockets for efficient communication between clients and libSQL servers. Hrana supports pipelining multiple SQL statements in a single connection, reducing round-trips compared to traditional request-response protocols.
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What is the primary advantage of Turso's multi-tenancy model using separate databases per tenant?
Turso's architecture encourages one database per tenant, providing complete data isolation at the database level. Since libSQL databases are lightweight (SQLite files), you can create thousands of databases cheaply, avoiding complex row-level security schemes.
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A developer creates a Turso database and uses client.batch(). What does batching provide compared to individual execute calls?
client.batch() in Turso sends multiple SQL statements in a single network round-trip. When using "write" mode, all statements execute atomically as a transaction. This significantly reduces latency for multi-statement operations over remote connections.