Learn vocabulary for discussing accessibility in design: WCAG, colour contrast, touch targets, ARIA, and inclusive design.
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WCAG 2.1 AA requires a colour contrast ratio of at least:
WCAG 2.1 AA requires 4.5:1 contrast ratio for normal text and 3:1 for large text (18pt+) or bold text (14pt+). AAA is 7:1 for normal text.
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What is an ARIA label?
ARIA labels (aria-label, aria-labelledby) provide screen readers with descriptive text for elements that lack visible labels, like icon-only buttons.
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A 'focus indicator' in accessible design is:
Focus indicators are essential for keyboard users — they show which element is currently active. Removing the default outline without replacement is a critical accessibility failure.
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In mobile design, the recommended minimum touch target size is:
Apple HIG recommends 44x44 pt minimum touch targets. Google Material Design recommends 48x48 dp. These ensure targets are large enough for diverse finger sizes.
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What does 'semantic HTML' contribute to accessibility?
Semantic HTML elements (heading, nav, button, main) communicate meaning to assistive technologies — a button tells screen readers it is interactive, a div does not.