Learn the conventions of academic English writing: hedging language, claim-evidence structure, and precise technical vocabulary.
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Which sentence best demonstrates appropriate hedging in academic writing?
Academic writing hedges claims to their actual scope: 'appears to' and 'in the settings tested' accurately scope the claim without overstating.
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In academic writing, passive voice ('it was observed that') is often used to:
Passive voice in academic writing shifts focus to the observation or result, rather than who performed it, which is often more appropriate in scientific contexts.
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Which phrase introduces a limitation in academic writing?
'It should be noted that our study is limited to...' is the standard academic phrasing for scoping and honestly reporting study limitations.
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A 'related work' section in a paper serves to:
Related work situates the paper in the landscape of prior research, acknowledging what others have done and explaining what gap or limitation this paper addresses.
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Which sentence correctly uses 'respectively' in academic writing?
'Respectively' links two ordered lists: 92% corresponds to dataset A, 89% to dataset B — in that order.