A blob stores the raw contents of a file, identified by the SHA hash of that content.
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What does a Git tree object represent?
A tree object represents a directory, mapping filenames to blob and nested tree objects.
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What does a commit object point to?
A commit references a root tree (the snapshot), one or more parent commits, and metadata like author and message.
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What does HEAD usually point to?
HEAD is a pointer to the current branch ref (which in turn points to the latest commit); a detached HEAD points straight at a commit.
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What is the index (staging area) in Git?
The index (staging area) holds the prepared snapshot for the next commit; git add updates it. Packfiles compress many objects together for storage efficiency.