The TCP three-way handshake is SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK, establishing a reliable connection before data flows.
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What is a port number used for?
A port identifies a specific application endpoint on a host, e.g. 80 for HTTP and 443 for HTTPS.
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How does UDP differ from TCP?
UDP is connectionless and offers no delivery, ordering, or retransmission guarantees, making it lighter and faster for use cases like DNS and streaming.
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At which OSI layer does IP operate?
IP operates at Layer 3, the Network layer, handling logical addressing and routing of packets between hosts.
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What is the role of an IP address?
An IP address uniquely identifies a host (or interface) on an IP network so packets can be routed to it.